Embryology and Uterine Abnormalities, Shapes and Miscarriage Risks

Embryology of the spine and associated congenital abnormalities.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT The spine is a complex and vital structure. Its function includes not only structural support of the body as a whole, but it also serves as a conduit for safe passage of the neural elements while allowing proper interaction with the brain. Anatomically, a variety of tissue types are represented in the spine. Embryologically, a detailed cascade of events must occur to result i...

Uterine blood flow indices, antinuclear autoantibodies and unexplained recurrent miscarriage

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between 2D and 3D uterine flow indexes and the presence or the absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM). METHODS Fifty-two subjects (26 uRM and 26 control women) underwent 2D Doppler measurement of pulsatility index and resistance index of the uterine arteries in both the follicular and midluteal phase of ...

Chromosomal abnormalities and embryo development in recurrent miscarriage couples.

BACKGROUND Chromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage (RM). Therefore, we have analysed the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and embryo development in patients with RM. METHODS Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was performed on 71 couples with RM and 28 couples undergoing PGD for sex-linked diseases (control group). Chromosom...

Application of 3D Ultrasonography in Detection of Uterine Abnormalities

appearance of uterine scar due to previous cesarean section on hysterosalpingography: various shapes, locations and sizes

in this study, we demonstrate the appearance of anatomic defects of the uterine cavity on hsg after cesarian section. we define different shapes such as thin linear defect, focal saccular outpouching, unilateral or bilateral diverticula (dog-ear like) and fistula and different locations such as the uterine body, lower uterine segment, uterine isthmus and the upper endocervical canal. cesarean s...